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Integration of Communication Protocols for Electric Vehicle Charging: Functionality and Integration
Автори: Elena Blagoeva, Denis Chikurtev, Dimitar Kostadinov
Абстракт: EV charging stations are a critical piece of infrastructure to accelerate the transition to green and clean technologies...
Абстракт: EV charging stations are a critical piece of infrastructure to accelerate the transition to green and clean technologies. In recent years, the number of charging stations has grown significantly. This leads to the emergence of new problems and challenges for society, such as the management of charging processes, capacity balancing, and extended access. In this study, the basic concepts regarding standards and protocols for managing charging stations and capacities are presented. Over the years, the protocols have evolved and currently provide a variety of functionalities such as remote access, status tracking, station, and capacity control. The knowledge and development of these protocols will support easier and more adaptive use of charging stations. In addition, the current challenges that should be solved in the coming years are presented. They are related to the improvement of remote access, power balance, construction of hybrid systems of energy sources, and development of management information systems for management.
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Bi-level Optimization of Inventory and Production
Автори: Todor Stoilov, Krasimira Stoilova
Абстракт: A quantitative approach to inventory integration and production management is applied. Quantifying the relationships between inventory and...
Абстракт: A quantitative approach to inventory integration and production management is applied. Quantifying the relationships between inventory and production allows for minimizing inventory costs and maximizing production. A general optimization problem is derived that integrates inventory and production decisions. The optimization is formalized as a bi-level problem. The inventory and production objective functions are hierarchically integrated. The solution to the bilevel problem provides both optimal arguments for inventory size and production volumes. The problem is applied to the inventory of agricultural products that meet the required nutritional content for animal feed. The inventory delivery costs are minimized and nutritional content is maximized to meet the given nutritional level of the animal feed. Empirical results provide advantages for the bi-level solutions obtained. A sensitive analysis of the inventory is performed and the corresponding changes in the feed content are evaluated.
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1. Chikurtev, D., Blagoeva, E., & Petrov, I. (2025). INTELLIGENT HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM FOR CHARGING ELECTRIC VEHICLES. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM, 6(1), 361-368.
2. Petrov, I., Chikurtev, D., Sorandaru, C., Musuroi, S., & Ress, A. K. P. (2025). CLEAN AND COMPACT MOBILITY IN EU: MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING FOR BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES BASED ON INFORMATION ENTROPY AND TOPSIS. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM, 4(1), 19-27.
3. Petrov, I., Sorandaru, C., Chikurtev, D., Musuroi, S., Ciucurita, S., & Milos, C. L. (2025, June). Modeling and Optimization of Energy-Efficient Zone for Wind Turbines for Time-Variable Wind Speeds. In 2025 19th Conference on Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems (ELMA) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
4. Blagoeva, E., Chikurtev, D., & Ivanov, V. (2025). SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF A HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM FOR POWERING ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM, 6(1), 377-384.
5. Stoilov T., K. Stoilova. Bi-level Optimization of Inventory and Production. CIT, vol. 25, No1, 2025, pp. 126-141, DOI: 10.2478/cait-2025-0008, Print ISSN: 1311-9702, Online ISSN: 1314-4081, SJR 0.36/2023, Q2, IF 0.654 (SCOPUS).
6. Stoiliov T, Stoilova K., Chikurtev D. Energy Management of Charging Stations for Electrical Vehicles. Journal Engineering Proceedings, 2025, 100(1), 2, MDPI, Scopus SJR 0.205, Q3, https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025100002, https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/100/1/2, ISSN 2673-4591 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21101128137&tip=sid&clean=0
7. Stoilova K, Stoiliov T., Angelova G. Planning Resources by Model Predictive Control., Journal Engineering Proceedings, 100(1), 49, https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025100049 , 1-14, MDPI, Scopus SJR 0.205, Q3, ISSN 2673-4591 https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/100/1/49
8. Stoiliov T, Stoilova K. Estimating the charging time of electrical vehicles. Proceedings of 25th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2025, Volume 25, Issue 3.1. DOI 10.5593/sgem2025/4.1/s16.10, ISSN 1314-2704, ISBN 978-619-7603-83-5 , https://epslibrary.at/sgem_jresearch_publication_list.php?qs=978-619-7603-83-5&criteria=or&mastertable=sgem_jresearch_myauthors&masterkey1=74008 , SJR=0.141/2024 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100274701&tip=sid&clean=0 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100274701&tip=sid&clean=0#google_vignette
9. Stoilova K, Stoiliov T. Optimal distribution of electrical power between a pair units of charging station. Proceedings of 25th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2025, Volume 25, Issue 4.1, DOI 10.5593/sgem2025/4.1/s16.16, ISSN 1314-2704, ISBN 978-619-7603-83-5 https://epslibrary.at/sgem_jresearch_publication_list.php?qs=978-619-7603-83-5&criteria=or&mastertable=sgem_jresearch_myauthors&masterkey1=74019. SJR=0.141/2024 https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=21100274701&tip=sid&clean=0
10. Stoiliov T, Stoilova K. Analytical Simulation of Photovoltaic Battery Charging and Discharging. 14th International Scientific Conference Computer Science, 13-15 Sept. 2025, Sozopol, Bulgaria pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/COMSCI67172.2025.11225290. ISBN: 979-8-3315-9814-3, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11225290 , indexed in SCOPUS
11. Stoilova K, Stoiliov T. Modeling and Forecasting of Photovoltaic Energy Production. 14th International Scientific Conference Computer Science, 13-15 Sept. 2025, Sozopol, Bulgaria, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/COMSCI67172.2025.11225260. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11225260, indexed in SCOPUS
12. Stoiliov T, Stoilova K. Analytical design of a battery for a photovoltaic system. 34th International Scientific Conference Electronics, 16-18 Sept. 2025, Sozopol, Bulgaria, pp.1-5, doi: 10.1109/ET66806.2025.11204161 , IEEE eXplore, eISBN 979-8-3503-8064-4, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11204161, indexed in SCOPUS
13. Stoilova K, Stoiliov T. Forecasting Battery Energy in a Photovoltaic System 34th International Scientific Conference Electronics, 16-18 Sept. 2025, Sozopol, Bulgaria pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ET66806.2025.11204111. IEEE eXplore, eISBN 979-8-3503-8064-4, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11204111 , indexed in SCOPUS
14. Stoilova K., Stoilov T, Denis Chikurtev D. Management of electrical capacity of dual unit charging stations. Book of Abstracts, Scientific and Innovation Forum “Innovative solutions for Resource efficiency and Circular Economy”, 22-24 October, Inter Expo Center, Sofia, Bulgaria, p.32.
15. Stoilov T, Stoilova K, Chikurtev D. Analytical estimation of charging time for electrical vehicles. Book of Abstracts, Scientific and Innovation Forum “Innovative solutions for Resource efficiency and Circular Economy”, 22-24 October, Inter Expo Center, Sofia, Bulgaria, p.33.
16. Stoiliov T, Stoilova K., D. Chikurtev. Assessment of of CO2 pollution reduction through a photovoltaic system, 10th International Conference on Energy Efficiency&Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE), 5 - 7 November 2025 (in print)
17. Stoilova K, Stoiliov T., Angelova G. Assessment and Prediction of Carbon Emissions Associated with Grid Electricity, 10 th International Conference on Energy Efficiency&Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE), 5 - 7 November 2025 (in print)